From DPC to CPC – part 2

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To summarize W’s case up to March 17, here were the salient features:

  • Baseline signs of conduction system disease
  • Progressive, and now severe, dyspnea on exertion
  • Unexplained relative hypotension, not due to adrenal insufficiency
  • Weight loss and early satiety
  • Hypercalcemia, initially mild, now more pronounced, with suppression of PTH
  • Markedly active urinary sediment with severe dipstick proteinuria, but also microscopic hematuria and calcium oxalate stones
  • Worsening renal function, possibly pre-renal azotemia.

The 50-mile distance separating W from my office made frequent visits impractical, but from March 17 onward I was essentially on daily contact with the patient either by phone or email.

I could not tie everything together, but the thought occurred to me that he might have systemic sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement: hypercalcemia, heart block, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms.  In fact, I was clearly hoping for this diagnosis as something potentially treatable in what otherwise looked like an ominous illness.

On March 19, however, a 2-view chest x-ray was normal and the light bulb that had gone off in my head a few days before was quickly burnt.Continue reading “From DPC to CPC – part 2”

From DPC to CPC – part 1

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A couple of years ago, as I was trying to determine the best business model for my practice, I offered direct primary care (DPC) services to a few patients.  Among them was WW, a then 57-year-old man who was well when I first saw him, but who ended up dying a year later in a very sad and dramatic way from a rare condition.

The extraordinary illness that struck W is worth describing simply on account of its rarity and its highly unusual manifestations.  But in addition, it occurred to me that my experience with W may be of particular interest to the growing number of physicians and health care professionals intrigued by, or involved in, DPC as a practice model.  This case exemplified the challenges and rewards of taking care of people with no insurance and with limited financial means.

I hope you will find this “clinico-pathological conference” to be of value.  Although W’s ultimate outcome would likely have been the same under any circumstance, I’m sure his clinical course may have been tackled differently by another doctor. Continue reading “From DPC to CPC – part 1”

Feel-good medicine: yesterday and today

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[I’m on summer break but I thought you might enjoy this piece, published a year ago in the August 2014 issue of the Nob Hill Gazette.  The version below is slightly edited compared to the original.]

In their recent book titled, Dr. Feelgood: The Shocking Story of the Doctor Who May Have Changed History by Treating and Drugging JFK, Marilyn, Elvis, and Other Prominent Figures, Richard Lertzman and William Birnes chronicle the startling career of Max Jacobson, a physician who specialized for decades in treating celebrities with his personally concocted injections of vitamins, human gland extracts, and high doses of amphetamines.

Operating from a filthy office in Manhattan, Jacobson showed no regard for basic medical hygiene and never obtained a basic medical history from his patients. Yet, over the years, he dispensed untold quantities of his “cocktails” to political and show business superstars suffering from fatigue, pain, or lack of stamina. For some of his patients, such as Cecil B. DeMille, the German-born doctor was a paragon of modern medicine. But others saw their careers and personal lives ruined as they became addicted to the treatments, and a few might have actually died as a result of it. The authors of the book relate instances where, under the influence of Jacobson’s amphetamines, President Kennedy’s behavior became wildly erratic. They even speculate that a motive for his assassination might have ensued.

Max Jacobson’s story might seem like a sordidly entertaining tale from a bygone era. Nevertheless, given our current love affair with medications (one in five adult Americans takes a psychiatric drug, and 70 percent of the U.S. population takes some form of chronic prescription medication), it behooves us to reflect on the professional and ethical failings of Jacobson’s practice to help keep our way of “better living through pharmaceuticals” within healthy boundaries.Continue reading “Feel-good medicine: yesterday and today”

How experts really decide

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I opened my last post with a question I never came around to really answer: How should doctors make decisions?

That wasn’t an oversight.  To try to provide an answer seemed daunting, plus I wouldn’t have resisted the urge to wax philosophical about praxeology or phronesis.  And how sexy is that?  Surely my Alexa ranking would have suffered!

Perhaps sensing my predicament, Dr. Saurabh Jha tactfully suggested a book which I have since ordered and read.  (And what a great call that was.  Thank you, @RogueRad!)  The book is Streetlights and Shadows: Searching for the Keys to Adaptive Decision Making by Gary Klein.

According to his Wikipedia entry, Klein is a cognitive psychologist credited with pioneering the field of naturalistic decision-making, a research endeavor where people’s decisions are examined in real life setting, not under contrived laboratory experiments.

The book, published in 2011 by The MIT Press, summarizes the fruits of his research.  It’s a captivating work.Continue reading “How experts really decide”

Make decisions, not calculations

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How should doctors make decisions?

In the last post, we reviewed the conceptual difficulty of applying risk estimates derived from population studies to individuals, and I proposed that medical decisions should NOT be modeled on the following scheme:

  • Step 1: weigh the probability of future pluses and minuses.
  • Step 2: make a decision on the basis of “probability of pluses > probability of minuses.”

Yet that scheme implicitly serves as a rationale for pay-for-performance measures and justifies legal impositions on the content of informed consent procedures (e.g., precise disclosure of risks, probability of benefit, risks of alternative treatments, etc.).

Today, I will add a some perspectives that I think buttress my case.

Disclaimer:   This discussion is not meant to entice you to violate the standard of care, to forego the established procedures for informed consent, to incite you into civil disobedience, or to put your medical license at risk!

Let’s start with two anecdotes:

A few years ago, the New York Times detailed the extraordinary story of Michael DeBakey’s aortic repair operation.Continue reading “Make decisions, not calculations”

Risky decisions

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I had a sort of epiphany about risk and medical decision-making last Thursday evening, even though I was particularly tired and in a state of mental fog.

I had been thinking about two recent articles dealing with risk prediction, but I also was preoccupied with risky career decisions I have made, and how these are affecting me and my family (I am pursuing a quixotic version of the “triple threat:” independent physician, apprentice schoolman, blogger).  So risk was very much on my mind.

One of the articles I had read was a recent viewpoint in JAMA by Allan Sniderman, Ralph d’Agostino, and Michael Pencina titled “The role of the physician in the era of predictive analytics.”  The other was a response to that article written by Bill Gardner at the Incidental Economist blog.

In their paper, Sniderman et al. discuss an important difficulty in the medical science of risk prediction.  The difficulty is apparent when one contrasts the notion of population risk with the notion of individual risk.Continue reading “Risky decisions”

A documentary about doctors and widowmakers

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[Note: A slightly modified version of this article was just published in the Feb/Mar 2016 issue of San Francisco Medicine, the magazine of the San Francisco Medical Society (MA 03/23/2016).]

An award-winning documentary entitled The Widowmaker was just released on Netflix.  It shouldn’t leave viewers indifferent, and doctors in particular are likely to be thoroughly captivated.

Cardiologists can identify the title as the nickname commonly given to a threatening plaque near the origin of the left anterior descending artery, the major of the coronary arteries of the heart.  A clot forming at that site is frequently fatal.  Since middle-aged men are more prone to heart attacks than middle-aged women, such a clot often leaves behind a widow and fatherless children, hence the name for the plaque.

Cardiologists who watch this movie will also recognize some familiar figures:  Drs. Steve Nissen, Matthew Budoff, Bruce Brundage, Martin Leon, Arthur Agaston, Shamin Sharma, Joseph Loscalzo, Julio Palmaz, Douglas Boyd, Harvey Hecht, and many other high profile clinicians, innovators, and academics are featured in a suspenseful tale of heroes and villains.Continue reading “A documentary about doctors and widowmakers”

Reasons to MOC®: Board certification revisited

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Bob Wachter has written a lengthy defense of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) and its Maintenance of Certification (MOC®) program, addressing contentions that the ABIM may have engaged in questionable financial practices, and that MOC® is irrelevant, time consuming, and onerous.

These allegations, however, are not the only questions board organizations may need to confront.  Along with several recent articles devoted to the topic of professionalism, Wachter’s piece provides us with an opportunity to examine three foundational arguments that board leaders invariably bring forth to justify the commerce of certification.Continue reading “Reasons to MOC®: Board certification revisited”

Is medicine a scientific enterprise?

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I was recently involved in a Twitter tiff triggered by the following Mayo clinic announcement:

Readers were promptly outraged:Continue reading “Is medicine a scientific enterprise?”

On the sagging of medical professionalism

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[The following article is published with the kind authorization of its author, Herb Fred, MD, MACP.  It first appeared in the Fall 2004 issue of the Texas Medical Board Bulletin.]

For the past two decades, medicine has been a profession in retreat, plagued by bureaucracy, by loss of autonomy, by diminished prestige, and by deep personal dissatisfaction.¹ These ills would be bad enough by themselves. But another malady confronts us—the sagging of our professionalism.Continue reading “On the sagging of medical professionalism”